Embittering truth: Palestinians in Gaza betrayed the last anti-Zionist state that supported them

Assadist Syria was the last chief hope for the resistance cause, but far too many Palestinians decided to instead support the Zionist dirty war against Syria.

There comes a time to finish the face-saving euphemistic whitewash, and therefore stop treating one another as little children incapable of understanding good and evil. Yes, this includes the issue of Palestine.

You cannot honestly in objective terms address the Palestinian cause legitimately on their behalf if you refuse to acknowledge the full record of the Zionist-Palestinian relationship within the past 15 years. The mainstream “anti-Zionist” discourse expediently depends on the false binary equivocation premise that supporting the Palestinian people requires treating them collectively as not only represented by Hamas in the utmost simplistic terms of automatically presumed uniform “resistance” credentials, but as if they are inherently beyond reproach and that any significant critique of their own actions ever would be tantamount to “Zionist propaganda.” Such goalpost-moving theatrical alterations of the Overton window only obscure the truth rather than amount to any materialized net benefit for the Palestinian people in any way whatsoever. (what, did you actually believe that an internet screed in vocal support of Hamas does anything to stop nazijewish Zio-Amalekite bombs from occupying and mass-murdering innocent Palestinian human beings?)

Zionist-Hamas de facto alliance in joint support of al-Nusra/ISIS: proof

As to the full scale of Zionist duplicity surrounding Hamas’s Mossad-astroturfed magnification into the halls of power in the Gaza Strip to begin with, that is not a subject to address here and now. While there can be no doubt that the nazijewish Fourth Reich intentionally cultivated the conditions purposefully allowing Hamas to seize control of the Gaza Strip, unraveling the full scale of Israeli Empirical Janus machinations requires yet additional research particularly to dismantle various pressure-release-valve propaganda mechanisms used by Hamas defenders—whose arguments share the same cherry-picking bases as ironically their genocidal Likudnik counterparts—to deny the Israeli-Hamas connection.

An article from Military Watch Magazine noted the starkly Machiavellian, ostensibly scandalous geopolitical convergence between “Israel” and Hamas in the dirty war against Assad’s Syria:¹

Following the outbreak of full scale hostilities between the Israeli Defence Forces and Gaza-based Palestinian militia groups led by the territory’s ruling party Hamas, world attention has been focused on the conflict zone as Israel has launched an invasion of the territory and mass air strikes. Despite the current and longstanding animosity between the two warring parties, it is a notable but little known fact that Hamas and Israeli forces were less than a decade ago fighting together in Syria to support a jihadist insurgency seeking to overthrow the government in Damascus and install an Islamist regime in its place. Although Hamas and Israel had very different reasons for intervening in the war effort against the Syrian state, their common cause ultimately highlighted the Palestinian group’s close ties with the Western Bloc’s closest strategic partners in the Middle East, Turkey and Qatar, the former a NATO member and the latter a former host of the U.S. Military’s Central Command and leading basing site for American forces in the region. With Turkey, Qatar and Israel having been leading regional players in efforts to topple the Syrian government, which was a primary objective of the United States and its Western allies on which all three regional states relied heavily for support, Hamas’ involvement in the initiative served as a key indicator of the organisation’s ‘rogue’ status and willingness to fight alongside NATO and Israeli forces when this was seen to further its interests, while at other times cooperating with Hezbollah and Iran against Israel.

Following the outbreak of insurgency in Syria in mid-2011, which saw jihadist forces pour across the Turkish and Jordanian borders and stage mass executions of captured soldiers and police forces, Hamas quickly sided with Qatar, Turkey, Israel and other Western-aligned regional actors against the Syrian government. In December 2011, after 12 years based in Syria, Hamas transferred its political bureau to Qatar, the leading sponsor of the Syrian insurgency in the Arab world at the time, with the Palestinian party’s deputy foreign minister Ghazi Hamad stating that Damascus had ‘oppressed its people’ - echoing Western and Turkish rhetoric at the time. Subsequently in February 2012, when Hamas’ close affiliate in Egypt the Muslim Brotherhood appeared poised to take power in the wake of the Western-backed overthrow of the government the previous year, Hamas Prime Minister Ismail Haniyeh delivered an emotional speech at the Al Azhar Mosque in Cairo praising ‘the heroic people of Syria who are striving for freedom, democracy, and reform.’ Worshipers there specifically targeted Israel and the Western Bloc’s two greatest adversaries in the region - chanting ‘No Hezbollah and No Iran.’ Hezbollah had five years prior dealt Israel the only military defeat in its history, and was considered a leading challenge to Western Bloc and Israeli interests at the time.

While other Palestinian groups such as the Palestinian Islamic Jihad notably did not support Western-led efforts to overthrow of the Syrian state, with the Gaza Strip under Hamas’ rule flags of the Syrian insurgency would quickly appear across the territory. As a leading supporter of both the Syrian government and Hamas, Hezbollah notably sought to reign in its strategic partner, reminding the Hamas leadership that Syria had been their sole Arab state to provide major arms supplies during hostiles with Israeli in 2008-2009. Relations quickly worsened as it emerged that Hamas was turning training provided by Hezbollah against the Syrian state, with its militias actively participating in the war effort against Syrian and Hezbollah forces.

…

The conflict in Syria ultimately highlighted the very significant ideological differences between the majority of Israeli and Western Bloc adversaries in the Middle East, including Iran, Syria, Hezbollah, the Yemeni Ansurullah Coalition and the Palestinian Islamic Jihad, when compared to Hamas which ideologically had no qualms about taking up arms against Western Bloc adversaries and aligning with either NATO members or with Al Qaeda affiliates. It also highlights that Hamas ties to Qatar, Turkey and the ideology of the trans-national Muslim Brotherhood led it to perceive a strong interest in imposing Islamist rule on Syria even if its primary adversary Israel was also supporting this objective. By the late 2010s the defeat of the insurgency in Syria, alongside Qatar and Turkey’s unwillingness to arm Hamas against Israel and only do so to fight Syria, forced the Palestinian party to again reorient its ties. Its restored partnership with Hezbollah and Iran, however, is likely to remain an alliance of convenience rather than one built on trust or common ideology. For Syria, where Hamas served as a key enabler of the rise of jihadist insurgent groups in a war effort that killed over a quarter of a million people, the conflict between the Palestinian group and Israel now appears as one pitting two of its adversaries against one another.

One much-forgotten important detail from the anti-Syria dirty war of 2011-24 is that Hamas—toward the mid-2010s—became an diametrical enemy of Hezbollah over the divergence vis-à-vis Assad!²³ (cf. this article by my friend Arabi Souri, not to mention this, this, and this)

President Bashar al-Assad emphatically pointed out⁴—in an interview with the Swedish newspaper Expressen cir. Apr. 2015—that Hamas supported al-Qaeda adjunct Jabhat al-Nusra in Yarmouk:⁵

Yes: the exact same Jabhat al-Nusra Salafi-jihadist umbrella that colluded with the IOF in Quneitra along the UN-overseen Golan border between Syria and the Fourth Reich,⁶ as I covered extensively:

Indisputable proof that Al-Qaeda in Syria a.k.a. al-Nusra/‘HTS’ were ALWAYS Zionist stooges

You read that right: the EXACT SAME al-Qaeda rump was simultaneously backed by Nazi-“Israel” in one city and backed by Hamas in another city. Mind you, this how far Yarmouk and Quneitra are from each other (cf. this also):

What’s more, Mossad agents were suspected of steering Hamas-backed al-Qaeda insurrection in Yarmouk! Per Theirry Meyssan’s Voltaire Network:⁷

The battle that raged starting December 9 in the Yarmouk Palestinian refugee camp (south of Damascus) has revealed new alliances.

The strategic objective was to involve Palestinians in the war in Syria, mobilizing them on a sectarian basis (they are mostly Sunni) against the secular regime. But the refugees did not allow themselves to be manipulated, no more than in Lebanon in 2007, when the mercenaries of Fatah al-Islam tried to mobilize the Palestinians of Nahr el-Bared against Hezbollah.

Elements of Hamas loyal to Meshaal allowed fighters of the Al-Nousra Front (Levantine branch of Al-Qaeda) to enter the camp where they mainly clashed with men of the PFLP (nationalists and Marxists).

It now appears that the al-Qaeda fighters were not only made up of Muslim extremists, but also included Israeli Mossad agents. They had specific plans to corner the leaders of other Palestinian factions and eliminate them. Not finding them, they allowed the other members of Al-Qaida to systematically loot the empty apartments of these leaders.

After a week of heavy fighting, elements of al-Qaida, Mossad-included, retreated and the camp was declared a “neutral zone.” Of the 180 000 inhabitants, about 120,000 had fled the camp at the request of the Syrian authorities and were relocated by them to Damascus.

And according to 21st Century Wire:⁸

Very few of the interventionist fifth columnists are even aware of the dirty role played by Hamas in ensuring the suffering of their own people in Yarmouk, by allying themselves with extremist factions intent upon toppling the Assad government in Syria.

…

The militants, they say, systematically destroyed the camp, killed people, looted homes, hospitals – anything they could get their hands on. They insist that the rebels could not have captured Yarmouk without the help of Hamas, and are convinced that Hamas supporters are still inside the camp, now members of Al-Nusra Front, AknafBeit al-Maqdes, Ohdat al-Omariyya, Ahrar al-Yarmouk, Zahrat al Mada’en and other rebel groups that they say occupy the camp. They claim Hamas employed and provided financial assistance to displaced Syrians who escaped conflict elsewhere and settled in Yarmouk.

‘They hired them for this conflict,’ says one.

The finger-pointing at Hamas persists throughout all my conversations with refugees in the three separate camps I visit in Syria. While all Hamas officials exited the country early on in the conflict, the fact remains that many Palestinians affiliated with Hamas did not. On the outside, we understand Hamas is not there, but within the camps, Palestinians identify the individuals they accuse of sedition as ‘Hamas people.’

…

Even Palestine’s Ambassador to Syria Anwar Abdul-Hadi, who essentially reports to the Palestinian Authority, sounds just like the PFLP-GC these days.

‘We asked them to leave Palestinians alone and the rebels said ‘this is Syrian land’ and they refused. We got a promise from the Syrian army never to go into the camps and the Syrian government kept its word. Till now we keep trying to ask rebels to leave, but have not succeeded because of Al-Nusra [Front], Jabhat al-Islamiyya and Hamas.’

Hamas, I ask? ‘Yes,’ he says. ‘Hamas, Hamas, Hamas, Hamas.’

(on an additional side note: Hamas’s connection to Nusra Front was selectively seized upon as a duplicitous lightning rod by the Judeo-Goebbels propaganda organ Jerusalem Center for Security and Foreign Affairs, whose published article cherry-picked Hamas’s culpability while completely failing to mention “Israel’s” concurrent support for the very same al-Nusra terror complex backed by Hamas⁹—that JCFA article was published on Aug. 28, 2014, by which point UNDOF reports¹⁰—amongst other revelations¹¹—already corroborated allegations made by Assad’s government that Israeli military assisted al-Nusra terrorists in Quneitra; this means, in other words, that the JCFA article by a Likudnik mouthpiece portraying the Hamas-Nusra alliance as “anti-Israel” was a deliberate misrepresentation designed to steer attention away from the Zionist regime’s concurrent de facto sponsorship of Jabhat al-Nusra)

It is worth also noting the conjunctive timing between the Fourth Reich Moschutzstaffelad financing of Hamas and the de facto Israeli-Hamas entente that jointly backed the al-Nusra/ISIS pseudo-Sunni, anti-Islamic war against the Syrian nation and their secular nationalist government. Already confirmed as a solid fact is that the genocidal nazijewish regime created the Muslim Brotherhood precursor to Hamas in the 1980s, and that Mileikowsky ordered the Moschutzstaffelad chief to beg Egypt and Qatar to fund Hamas as reported by none other than the horse’s mouth—The Time of Israel—in 2020,¹² not to mention explicit knowledge cir. Mar. 2022 within IOF/Moschutzstaffelad circles that Hamas diverted $4 million from Qatari funds to its military wing (Al-Qassam Brigades).¹³ Additionally, Adolf Mileikowsky in 2018 publicly flaunted his move to transfer tens of millions of Qatari money into the Hamas-controlled Gaza Strip.¹⁴¹⁵¹⁶¹⁷ (Mo(SS)ad chief Cohen of course insisted he did nothing wrong¹⁸)

The centrally notable focus, however, is the early half of the 2010s leading up to the 2015 watershed year when the Zionist-ISIS connection was publicly unmasked. And indeed, the event timings mete out to HIGHLY SCANDALOUS implications. Mileikowsky’s approved transfer of funds between the Qatari regime and Hamas— amounting to a billion dollars!—was reportedly in the context of a larger 2012-2018 period of geopolitical Machiavellianism.¹⁹²⁰²¹

The fact that Zionist-facilitated²² Qatari-Hamas financial pipeline interlude sprang into inception in 2012 is notable, because that was the selfsame year when Hamas (on Feb. 24²³²⁴²⁵) betrayed Assad and Hezbollah in avowed support of al-Nusra/proto-ISIS Crusader death squads invading Syria.

(no, Yarmouk’s destruction was not chiefly “Assad’s fault”—the Syrian government explicitly warned Palestinians in Yarmouk not to support the insurgency,²⁶ but the youthful jihadists decided to bite the very hand that fed them and their parents²⁷)

And it was in Dec. 2012 that Mileikowsky tore off the mask when he told Fourthreichi journalist Dan Margalit how important it was to preserve Hamas’s strength in Gaza to divide-and-conquer the Palestinian people between a Hamas-controlled Gaza and Fatah-controlled West Bank toward preventing the creation of a Palestinian state.²⁸ One of the overlooked yet obvious corollaries of that decade’s Israeli duplicitous policy towards Hamas was that the Zionist regime did evidently absolutely nothing to interfere with Hamas’s organizational support for the al-Qaeda/ISIS terrorists in Syria, since those selfsame al-Qaeda/ISIS terrorists were already magnified into territorial control with IOF help in Quneitra for the very purpose of bleeding out Assad and Hezbollah. This should hardly be surprising, considering the extensively documented CIA/Gulf role in astroturfing the Salafi-jihadist magnification in Yarmouk, bolstered by Gladio-style false flags assisted by the Israeli propaganda.²⁹

And then there is this notably forgotten, memory-holed instance of strange geopolitical convergence—in Gaza during May 2013, Palestinian anti-Zionist supporters of the PFLP-GC protested Zionist bombings of Syria, only for Hamas security officials to violently assault the protesters and the Al Mayadeen news anchors in the crowd. Yes, you read that right: when Palestinians in Gaza vocally opposed Israeli bombings of Assad’s Syria, it was Hamas who immediately rushed to the ostensible defense of “Israel” and ruthlessly crushed the protest!³⁰

And just as the Nazi “State of Israel” trained the FSA “moderate rebel” terrorist brigades who joined Salafi-jihadist ranks, Hamas directly helped train Salafi-jihadist al-Qaeda affiliates directly,³¹³² both the Zionists and Hamas hand-in-hand working to feed the same monstrous takfiri cluster vying to topple Pres. Bashar al-Assad’s government as they inhumanely tortured and mass-murdered Syrian civilians, shedding innocent blood wherever they Crusaded into.

Assad was not unaware of Hamas’s duplicitous credentials—leaked Cablegate files from 2010—before the so-called “Arab Spring”!—reveal that the Syrian president was quietly aware—very well aware—that Hamas innately functions as a cudgel for dialectical ordo ab chao manufacturing:³³

Although Syria has forged strategic alliances with ideologically driven, Iranian-backed movements such as Islamic Jihad, Hezbollah and Hamas, Damascus continues to view the rise of political Islam as one of its primary internal threats. Hamas leader Khaled Mashaal has resided in Damascus since 2001, but such a blunt assessment of the group by Assad hasn’t been made public before.

‘Hamas is Muslim Brotherhood, but we have to deal with the reality of their presence,’ Assad told another group of American lawmakers in March 2009, according to an additional leaked cable, calling the Islamic movement an ‘uninvited guest’ and likening it to the same Muslim Brotherhood his father, Hafez Assad, brutally uprooted from Syria in the 1980s.

Even after the officially brokered Assadist-Hamas “rapprochement” of Oct. 2022,³⁴ Bashar’s government and their supporters³⁵ still distrusted the Zionist/Turkish/Qatari/Iranian-backed Muslim Brotherhood adjunct, and for good reasons—Assad begrudgingly swallowed his pride and permitted the restored entente not because he forgave Hamas’s hideous rap sheet of Zionist-ISIS aligned crimes against the Syrian nation, but because it was an expedient move encouraged by Iran and Hezbollah towards outwardly projecting a magnified image of restored regional prowess as one of the chief central patrons of the long-postured “Axis of Resistance,” particularly in countering response to the so-called “Abraham Accords” between the Zionist regime and their collaborationist Arab allies.³⁶ In private, Assad’s mukhabarat did not forgive treacherous Hamas operatives, whom they deemed unreconstructed traitors—Hezbollah secretary-general Hassan Nasrallah reportedly attempted to broker a detainee release deal only to balk short of informing Hamas about Assad’s governmentally ordered executions of their members when he quietly found out.³⁷³⁸

Remember! Assad back in 2015—in that selfsame interview with the aforementioned Swedish magazine Expressen—asserted that his country would never trust Hamas again.³⁹ Bashar’s actions from Oct. 2022-Dec. 2024 indicate his consistently internal adherence to that vow, even if he outwardly flaunted the image of a rapprochement in order to—at least for partial reasons—build the pretense of a closer mutual kinship to the pan-Islamist Palestinian “anti-Zionist” bulk than he actually held.

Other leaked files reveal concurrently pertinent information—not only did the Snowden Leak of 2015 confirm the veracity of Syrian claims⁴⁰⁴¹ charging an organized Zionist conspiracy behind the 2008 assassination of Bashar’s senior military adviser Mohammad Suleimani,⁴²⁴³⁴⁴ but the 2010 Cablegate batch revealed a Dec. 13, 2006 cable confirming U.S. clandestine orchestration of extremist insurrection against the Syrian government that transpired in the so-called “Arab Spring” 4-5 years later.⁴⁵⁴⁶ So it turned out that the selfsame “Arab” Spring—which the Palestinian Hamas-aligned Islamists jumped aboard, believing it was a wonderfully authentic Islamic vanguard against those damn left-wing secular apostates—was nothing more than a Zionist-Masonic orchestrated color revolution under outwardly phony pretenses to milk the raw utility of mass agitation those pan-Islamist jihadist heroes gullibly participated in. What geniuses!

The only plausible earthly ‘hope’ for Palestinians at this point

As easy as it might be to differentiate Hamas from the everyday Palestinian people in this case study, the sad reality is that the majority of Palestinians in Gaza and the West Bank were polled and noted as overwhelmingly supporting the (CIA/MI6/Mossad-backed) al-Qaeda jihadist putsch against Bashar al-Assad,⁴⁷⁴⁸ only some 13-18% supporting Assad during the 2010s.⁴⁹ While Palestinian leftists concentrated among the PFLP-GC—along with the Assad-loyalist Sunni Islamist PIJ—continued to defend their longtime Syrian patron, they unfortunately became an incrementally eroded minority amongst the shapeshifting Palestinian mainstream consensus.⁵⁰

Unless human solidarity is universal and functions as a two-way mutual communion, there is no meaningfully significant human solidarity at all. If Palestinians cannot be bothered to speak up for the sufferings of their Syrian neighbors brutalized at the hands of Jewlani’s Zionist-enabled HTS death squads, they forfeit their credentials as universally deserving recipients of solidarity, plain and simple. Until they denounce their impenitent pro-Hamas, HTS-criminality-whitewashing/ignoring peers as genocidal Zionist quislings who must be distantiated from permanently, their objectively verifiable moral credibility is practically next-to-zero. They must first purge out the stain of Zionist filth from within them before expecting to purge out the stain of Zionist filth that is without.

It’s too bad almost no one else ever wants to talk about this, all because the vast majority of dumbed-down humanity cannot free themselves from the prison of artificially imposed false binary narrative complexes. Not many—so it seems—are interested in experiencing the embittered stomach after selectively basking in the joy of the sweetened mouth.

1. Feb. 2, 2024, “When Israel and Hamas Fought on the Same Side: How Islamist Insurgency in Syria United Them,” Military Watch Magazine.

2. Giorgia Cafiero, Peter Certo (Jan. 30, 2014), “Hamas and Hezbollah Agree to Disagree on Syria,” Atlantic Council.

3. Ghadir Hamadi (Nov. 1, 2023), “Hamas and Hezbollah: From rivals in Syria to allies against Israel,” L’Orient Today.

4. Mamoon Alabbasi (May 23, 2015), “How did Hamas’s military expertise end up with Syria’s rebels?” Middle East Eye.

5. Apr. 2015, “Giftgas-offren al-Assad vägrar se,” Expressen.

6. Rania Khalek (Jun. 16, 2015), “Why has Israel embraced al-Qaida’s branch in Syria?” Electronic Intifada.

7. Jan. 2, 2013, “Mossad agents in the Al-Qaeda unit that attacked the Yarmouk camp,” Voltaire Network.

8. Vanessa Beeley (Feb. 20, 2017), “YARMOUK REVISITED: The Role of Hamas in Destabilizing Syria,” 21st Century Wire.

9. Pinhas Inbari (Aug. 28, 2014), “The Ties Between the Nusra Front – the Syrian al Qaeda Affiliate – and Hamas,” Jerusalem Center for Security and Foreign Affairs.

10. Christa Case Bryant (Dec. 7, 2014), “UN reports Israeli support for Syria rebels,” The Christian Science Monitor.

11. Colum Lynch (Jun. 11, 2014), “Exclusive: Israel Is Tending to Wounded Syrian Rebels,” Foreign Policy.

12. Feb. 22, 2020, “Liberman: Netanyahu sent Mossad head, general to Qatar, ‘begged’ it to pay Hamas,” The Times of Israel.

13. Jonathan Lis (Mar. 26, 2025), “Prime Minister’s Office: Netanyahu Knew That Hamas Had Diverted $4M to Military Wing,” Ha’aretz.

14. Raphael Ahren (Nov. 11, 2018), “En route to Paris, Netanyahu defends Qatari cash shipments into Gaza,” The Times of Israel.

15. Nov. 11, 2018, “Netanyahu defends Qatari funds to Hamas: ‘Every action has a price,’” Al-Arabiya.

16. Jonah Mandel (Nov. 12, 2018), “Netanyahu Defends allowing Qatar to Send millions in Aid to Gaza,” AFP.

17. Oct. 26, 2025, “Leaked doc. reveals Israel encouraged Qatar to fund Gaza despite sums reaching Hamas - KAN,” The Jerusalem Post.

18. Sep. 7, 2025, “Ex-Mossad head Cohen distances self from Qatari funding for Hamas; says PM should boot aides paid by Doha,” The Times of Israel.

19. Yaniv Kubovich (Feb. 20, 2019), “With Israel’s Consent, Qatar Gave Gaza $1 Billion Since 2012,” Ha’aretz.

20. Mark Lesseraux (Nov. 7, 2023), “How Netanyahu Funded, Built Up and Made an Ally of Hamas From 2012 to 2018,” Pressenza.

21. John Gordon (Jan. 9, 2024), “Hamas and Israel: friends and foes,” Marxist.com.

22. Jo Becker, Justin Scheck (Dec. 16, 2023), “Israel Found the Hamas Money Machine Years Ago. Nobody Turned It Off.” The New York Times.

23. Omar Fahmy, Nidal al-Mughrabi (Feb. 24, 2012), “Hamas ditches Assad, backs Syrian revolt,” Reuters.

24. Fares Akram (Feb. 24, 2012), “In Break, Hamas Supports Syrian Opposition,” The New York Times.

25. Juan Cole (Feb. 25, 2012), “Hamas Breaks with Syrian Regime,” Informed Consent.

26. Hania Mourtada, Rick Gladstone (Dec. 17, 2012), “Syria Warns Refugees Not to Aid Rebels,” The New York Times.

27. Ben Hubbard (Jul. 27, 2012), “Palestinians in Syria get pulled into civil war,” The Times of Israel.

28. Mark Mazzetti, Ronen Bergman (Dec. 10, 2023), “‘Buying quiet’: Inside the Israeli plan that propped up Hamas,” The New York Times.

29. William van Wagener (Apr. 3, 2019), “A Brief History of the Destruction of Yarmouk,” Libertarian Institute.

30. May 8, 2013, “Hamas breaks up anti-Israel rally in Gaza,” Associated Press.

31. Joshua Davidovich (Apr. 5, 2013), “Hamas reportedly training rebels, fighting to oust Assad,” The Times of Israel.

32. Apr. 7, 2013, “Hamas cuts ties with Assad and is now training the rebels,” Ya Libnan.

33. Meris Lutz (Dec. 2, 2010), “Syria’s Assad seems to suggest backing for Hamas negotiable, leaked cables say,” Los Angeles Times.

34. Oct. 19, 2022, “Hamas leaders meet Assad in Damascus to ‘turn the page,’” Reuters.

35. Danny Makki (Oct. 21, 2022), “Syria: Assad supporters wary of Hamas reconciliation,” Middle East Eye.

36. Andrew Waller (Dec. 10, 2023), “Is Syria’s al-Assad supporting Hamas for political gain or optics?” Al Jazeera.

37. Jan. 6, 2025, “Assad regime executed dozens of Hamas members without trial, report reveals,” Middle East Monitor.

38. Jan. 7, 2025, “Assad’s regime executed dozens of Hamas members without trial, intelligence documents reveal,” The New Arab.

39. Apr. 20, 2015, “Assad: Syria has ‘no relation’ with Hamas, will Never Trust it Again,” Informed Consent.

40. Dec. 20, 2010, “WikiLeaks Cables Highlight Syrian Suspicions of Israel,” Voice of America.

41. Dec. 21, 2010, “Israel suspected in Assad aide’s death,” Reuters.

42. Tamar Pileggi (Jul. 15, 2015), “Leaked cable confirms Israel killed Syrian general in 2008,” The Times of Israel.

43. Jul. 16, 2015, “Israeli commandos ‘assassinated top Assad general’, say leaked files,” Newsweek.

44. Jul. 16, 2015, “NSA: Israel Assassinated Top Assad Aide Inside Syria in 2008,” Democracy Now!

45. Marc A. Thiessen (Apr. 18, 2011), “WikiLeaks’s Blow to the Syrian Opposition,” American Enterprise Institute.

46. Robert Reuel Naiman (Oct. 9, 2015), “WikiLeaks Reveals How the US Aggressively Pursued Regime Change in Syria, Igniting a Bloodbath,” Truthout.

47. Jonathan Schanzer (Aug. 3, 2012), “Why the Palestinians are Turning Against al-Assad,” Foundation for the Defense of Democracies.

48. Nagham Zbeedat (Dec. 5, 2024), “‘How Can Someone Who Believes in Freedom Support a Dictatorial Regime?’” Ha’aretz.

49. Adnan Abu Amer (Oct. 20, 2018), “How do Palestinians see the Syrian war?” Al Jazeera.

50. Hugh MacLeod, Annasofie Flamand (Jul. 22, 2011), “Palestinians turn against Syrian regime,” Salon.